Why is this procedure recommended?

Ureteroscopy is recommended when stones or abnormalities cannot pass naturally or when non-invasive treatments are unsuitable or ineffective. It allows precise diagnosis and treatment in a single procedure and is particularly useful when direct visual assessment of the kidney or ureter is required.

The approach may also be used to clarify findings when other investigations have not provided adequate reassurance.

How is the procedure carried out?

The procedure is performed under general anaesthesia.

• A semi-rigid or flexible ureteroscope is passed through the bladder into the ureter and kidney

• Stones are fragmented using a laser fibre

• Stone fragments may be removed using baskets or graspers

• Narrowed areas of the ureter or the pelvi-ureteric junction (PUJ) can be dilated or treated with laser

• If a tumour is identified, a biopsy may be taken; small tumours may be treated using laser

In some cases, a temporary ureteric stent (JJ stent) is placed to allow swelling to settle and to maintain kidney drainage.

Anaesthesia, hospital stay & recovery

• Performed under general anaesthesia

• Most procedures are completed as a day case

• Temporary symptoms such as urinary frequency, mild discomfort, or blood in the urine may occur

• If a JJ stent is inserted, it is usually removed later using a flexible telescope under local anaesthetic

Specialist expertise & advanced techniques

This procedure is frequently used in complex situations, including difficult anatomy, large stone burdens, or urgent presentations. Advanced endoscopic techniques allow effective treatment while minimising the need for more invasive surgery. The procedure also forms a key part of specialist pathways for stone disease and upper urinary tract assessment.

Follow-up & next steps

Follow-up depends on the indication for the procedure. This may include stent removal, imaging to confirm stone clearance, or further treatment planning where required. Patients are guided through recovery and advised on next steps to support long-term urinary tract health.